A 1944 water treaty between the United States and Mexico is
prompting some people in Texas to call for sanctions against Mexico for
non-compliance.
Under the treaty, the United States is supposed to receive
one-third of the flow from six Mexican tributaries to the Rio Grande. This is
an average of approximately 350,000 acre-feet of water per year, mostly from
the Rio Conchos Basin in Chihuahua. In return, the United States must deliver
1.5 million acre-feet of water per year to Mexico from the Colorado River.
While the U.S. has complied with the treaty, Mexico has
sighted an extraordinary drought for non-compliance and has fallen behind in
its payments since 1992. Mexico currently owes the United States more than 1.3
million acre-feet of water.
These same drought conditions have taken its toll on Texas
farmers, especially without this treaty water. In April, Texas Agriculture
Commissioner Susan Combs and U.S. Department of Agriculture Under Secretary Jim
Butler announced that South Texas farmers would be eligible for $10 million in
federal funds as compensation for drought conditions and losses suffered from
Mexico's water debt.
Producers in the Texas counties of Cameron, Hidalgo, Kinney,
Maverick, Starr, Val Verde, Webb, Willacy and Zapata will be eligible for the
grants. However, farmers can receive only about $21.78 per acre whereas losses
had been estimated in 2002 at $259 per acre.
Commissioner Combs has expressed her frustrations over
deadlocked U.S.-Mexico negotiations. She wants to block the transfer of water
from the Colorado River to Mexico if there is no breakthrough in the dispute.
"I expect that if this can't be pushed in about
six months, I am going to urge the administration to take the Colorado River
off the disbursement list and stop giving Mexico water," Combs said.
Back in February, Secretary of State Colin Powell stated he
wanted to avoid economic sanctions or blocking the Colorado disbursement in
retaliation of non-compliance. He hoped that diplomatic negotiations would pay
off.
Since that time, the International Boundary and Water
Commission announced that Mexico has made a transfer of 55,128 acre-feet from
its account at the Amistad International Reservoir. However, Combs as well as
Texas Valley farmers and water stakeholders were angry the water transfer did
not come from Chihuahua, as Mexico had promised.
"The long term outlook, I would say for the Valley, is
not that promising," Combs said. "While the $10 million is
fantastic, I know that these farmers would really prefer water."
Editor's Note
WEM is pleased to offer a new bi-monthly column starting
this month (see page 7). Written by ASFE, the column will touch on issues that
are of concern to consultants and project engineers. The first column is
written by John Bachner, executive vice president of ASFE, and deals with
contracts.
Bill Swichtenberg
Editorial Director
