Set it & Forget it   Water & Wastes Digest August 2005   By Bob Elliott
Keeping the environment clean is a top priority for the authority. Wastewater is processed biologically, with none of the chemicals that are typically used, and achieves complete nitrogen removal. Specifically, the process removes CBOD, suspended solids, ammonia as nitrogen, nitrates, nitrites and phosphorus.

Time Saved Testing Pays Off   Water & Wastes Digest May 2005   By Adam Potter
Many wastewater plants are switching from fecal coliforms to monitoring for E. coli and Enterococcus, because the EPA has identified these bacteria as the best indicators of fecal contamination in water.

Measuring Chlorine Disinfection   Water & Wastes Digest December 2004   By Frank Kaiser and Bill Fehrman
This disinfectant is used by more than 90% of the drinking water plants in the U.S., and more than 200 million Americans and Canadians receive chlorine-disinfected drinking water every day.

Bacterial Control with Ozone   Water Quality Products July 2003   W. Craig Meyer and Partev B. Sarkissian, Pierce College
In the April 2001 issue of Water Quality Products,associates of TCET presented a new method using ozone to treat cooling tower water. Cooling Treatment Systems, Inc. (CTS) of Englewood, Colo., has adapted this method to produce a water treatment system it now is marketing for cooling towers. CTS submitted this new technology to TCET for testing. The results of these tests are presented here.
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Brominated Resins   Water Quality Products July 2003   Ken Korslin, CWS-III, Pentair Water Treatment, Plymouth Products Division
In 1957 The Dow Chemical Corp. addressed the negatives of using bromine by creating a brominated ion exchange resin, which opened up the use of bromine in offshore water treatment applications.2 Today, polybromide resin is used in many offshore water treatment systems. The fact that bromine can be added to water that previously has been chlorinated makes polybromide resin a practical solution to accommodate the multiple sources of water in offshore applications.
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The O-Zone: Today's Lesson: Ozonation of Cooling Towers   Water Quality Products June 2003   Roger Nathanson
The objective of ozone use with cooling towers is to maintain the highest purity of water with the least amount of water waste and chemical use. Chemical use in cooling towers leads to ever-increasing total dissolved solids (TDS), which must be reduced by eliminating water (blow down/bleed off) and then refilling with raw/lower TDS water. This is a vicious circle that will never end unless one of the TDS-increasing culprits (a.k.a. chemicals) is eliminated or reduced.
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Chlorine Residual Boosting in Distribution Water: Problems with Chlorine Application and Disinfection Byproducts - Part 2   Water Engineering & Management May 2003   Shin-ichi Tokuno
Part one of this article covered breakpoint chlorination and discussed the stability of chlorine, chloramine and Cl:NH3 after chlorination.
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Nonchemical Alternatives to Cooling Tower Disinfection   Water Quality Products April 2003   Jeff Roseman, CWS-I, Aqua Ion Plus+ Technologies
By explaining some tips and tricks, maybe more water treatment dealers can understand these technologies and use them in their arsenal of treatment methods. Filtration, ozonation, copper ionization and UV light may not be an option on some water supplies or applications, but their usefulness and alternatives to chemical dosing should be considered as an option.
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Chlorine Residual Boosting in Distribution Water: Problems with Chlorine Application and Disinfection Byproducts - Part 1   Water Engineering & Management April 2003   Shin-ichi Tokuno
Previous research on the boosting of chlorine residual1 included how to increase low levels of chlorine disinfectants (free and combined chlorine) in the distribution system. Simple bench tests using a pocket photometer showed that there are no problems in boosting the low level of chlorine residual when boosting the same disinfectant to the water (e.g., free chlorine to free chlorine, or chloramine to chloramine). In the boosted chlorine residual, there is no significant instability in decay or dissipation during the time needed (72 hours) after boosting for the small utility distributors.

Disinfection, Part 1: Developments in Ultraviolet Disinfection   Water Quality Products January 2003   Bruce Laing, Trojan Technologies, Inc.
One of the fastest growing technologies in the water treatment industry is ultraviolet (UV) disinfection. UV disinfection adds no chemicals, and it does not produce byproducts. Additional benefits include easy installation, low maintenance, minimal space requirements and whole-house (point-of-entry) treatment.
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Impact of Mixing Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide on Total Trihalomethane Formation - Part 2   Water Engineering & Management September 2002   Douglas Rittmann, Ph.D., P.E.
Part 1 described the search for more potent disinfection technologies and began the discussion of the laboratory studies.
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Impact of Mixing Chlorine and Chlorine Dioxide on Total Trihalomethane Formation - Part 1   Water Engineering & Management August 2002   Douglas Rittmann, Ph.D., P.E., and Anthony Tarquin, Ph.D., P.E.
Two rules in 1986 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act are challenging many water utilities to meet stricter water quality requirements. The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR)2 and the Disinfection?Disinfection By-Products (D-DBP) Rule3, are requiring utilities to implement more advanced technologies in water treatment. The Surface Water Treatment Rule emphasizes the need for utilities to meet minimum levels of disinfection for surface waters, whereas the Disinfection/Disinfection By-Products Rule limits the disinfectant byproducts. Therefore, utilities will have to implement a treatment approach that balances the benefits of disinfection against disinfection byproducts.
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Developments in Ozone Technology   Water Quality Products July 2002   Rip G. Rice, Ph.D., RICE International Consulting Enterprises
Ozone technology developments have opened new applications for these established water treatment technologies. Driving these changes has been the identification of new, more disinfection-resistant microorganisms such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts and governmental regulations designed to protect the public health from the hazards of ingestion of these microorganisms. Additionally, the desire to prevent or minimize the formation of halogenated disinfection byproducts formed during chlorination has stimulated new interest in the use of ozone. Combinations of ozone with hydrogen peroxide and/or ultraviolet (UV) radiation can destroy many contaminants present in ground water.
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The Practical Use of Ozone for the Well Water Application   Water Quality Products July 2002   Roger Nathanson, Ozone Pure Water, Inc.
We?ll discuss the well ozone water treatment application. Each application is a potential business in itself, which means greater revenue and profit. All that is necessary from you is the motivation to boldly go where you have not gone before.
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Measuring Ammonia with Online Analyzers   Water Engineering & Management July 2002   Tony Palmer, Maureen Ross, P.E. and Stephen G. Nutt, P.E.
Treatment facilities use online ammonia analyzers to monitor and control treatment processes. Controlling ammonia levels can make treatment processes more reliable and cost effective. Currently, there are three major types of online ammonia analyzer technologies available to measure ammonia concentration in a treatment process stream.
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Chlorination and Its Alternatives   Water Quality Products March 2002   By Anne Penkal and Nadia Abboud, Severn Trent Services, Inc.
Purification of drinking water containing microbiological contamination requires some form of disinfection treatment to kill or render microbiological organisms harmless. Of the available disinfection treatment methods for private water systems, chlorination in the most commonly used.

Metering Pump Technology   Water Quality Products March 2002   By Steven Ebersohl, Pulsafeeder, Inc.
Since the introduction of the metering pump, chemical feed for disinfection has been a primary application. As we move into the 21st Century, it again is time to review how we introduce chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite into our water systems. While the goal remains the same, changes in pump technology have been created to provide more accurate and consistent results. This article will discuss current metering pump technologies, proper pump sizing, installation and future enhancements.

Chlorine Residual Boosting in Distribution Water   Water Engineering & Management January 2002   Shin-ichi Tokuno
When it comes to the methods to increase, or boost, the low level of disinfectant in distribution water, information is scarce
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Coping with Resistance to Copper/Silver Disinfection   Water Engineering & Management November 2001   By W. Craig Meyer
Numerous facilities have invested in copper/silver disinfection systems to address the limits of traditional water treatment methods. It seems likely that, as bacterial populations develop resistance, many of these systems will become less effective through time.
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Advanced Treatment for Groundwater: Treating Low-Quality Groundwater for Municipal Use   Water Engineering & Management November 2001   By Ralph Gelvin, P.E., and Don Novak, P.E.
Groundwater sources that can be used for drinking water purposes are requiring increasing degrees of treatment to meet the requirements of both the regulating agencies and the consumer.
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Testing Bottled Water   Water Quality Products September 2001   Barbara L. Marteney and Kristin Safran, National Testing Laboratories
One of the most important (and sometimes the most complex) area of the bottled water business is compliance with federal, state and industry regulations. As the EPA continues to evaluate contaminants in drinking water for regulation under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), the FDA must review these regulations for their suitability for bottled water.
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Upgrading Well Water Disinfection Systems   Water Engineering & Management August 2001   Randy Walsh
Disinfection systems treat one city's groundwater supply, allowing the city's aquifers to meet EPA and local water quality regulations.
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Evaluation of the Use of Crushed Recycled Glass as a Filter Medium: Part 2   Water Engineering & Management August 2001   Richard W. Elliott, P.E.
Performance studies show that crushed recycled glass can provide capital and annual cost savings over traditional sand filter media.
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Commercial, Industrial Ultraviolet Systems   Water Quality Products June 2001   Adam Donnellan
In past articles, we discussed the benefits of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection as well as the many available options. In this article, we will focus on the available technologies and provide an overview of how these technologies are being applied in commercial and industrial applications.
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Choosing the Right Disinfection Technology for a Municipal Drinking Water Plant - Part 2   Water Engineering & Management January 2001   Dr. Hubert Fleming and Wayne Huebner
These profiles of various disinfection processes can help managers decide which process is best suited for their treatment plant.
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Comparison of Ultraviolet Pilot Trial with Full-Scale Operation   Water Engineering & Management January 2001   Ken Hartz, Ph.D., P.E. and Jeff Griffith
This article offers a method for comparing the results of a UV pilot system with a full-scale UV system.
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An Overview of Ozone in Water, Wastewater Treatment   Water & Wastes Digest November 2000
There are more than 2,000 installations worldwide that use ozone to treat drinking water. Ozone is an effective disinfectant for treating municipal and industrial wastewater, enabling the end user to meet EPA pre-treatment standards.

Tablet Chlorination System Provides Affordable Alternative to Liquid, Gas   Water & Wastes Digest November 2000

Choosing the Right Disinfection Technology for a Municipal Drinking Water Plant - Part 1   Water Engineering & Management November 2000   Dr. Hubert Fleming and Wayne Huebner
Managers of water treatment plants must be able to choose the right disinfection system to bring their plants into compliance with government regulations.

A New Look at Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water   Water Engineering & Management January 2000   Taha F. Marhaba, Ph.D., P.E.

Georgia Golf Course Greens Up With Ultraviolet Disinfection   Water & Wastes Digest October 1999
The process of reusing wastewater for sprinkling at the Sugar Hill Golf Course in Gwinnett County, Georgia, was time consuming, costly and problematic. An in-line ultraviolet disinfection unit installed at the treatment plant solved the problem.

Strategies for Minimizing Ozonation By-Products in Drinking Water   Water Engineering & Management February 1999   Thomas Grosvenor
This paper summarizes ozonation and by-product formation chemistry as well as ways to control by-product formation.

Automated Chlor/Dechlor Control Protects Fishery, Reduces Chemical and Labor Costs   Water Engineering & Management November 1998   Doug Marks
One water reclamation plant used a high resolution redox cotroller to reduce potential harm to a nearby creek.

Purification Facilities Will Protect City's Water Supply   Water Engineering & Management September 1998
New water purification facilities constructed by J.S. Alberici Construction Co., Inc., in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, will ensure the safety of the city's water supply.

Generating Chlorine Dioxide Gas:Chlorate vs. Chlorite   Water Engineering & Management September 1998   Douglas Rittmann, P.E. and Joel Tenney
Is a new method of generating chlorine dioxide gas using sodium chlorate more effective than the typical sodium chlorite system?

Ozonation System Tested in Anticipation of Disinfection By-Product Rule   Water Engineering & Management May 1998   Aubrey LaFargue
In order to comply with more stringent government regulations, one plant converted from chlorine to ozone treatment.

Automated Chlorination System Helps Chicken Processing Plant Meet U.S.D.A. Sanitation Guidelines   Water & Wastes Digest April 1998

Creating Safer Work and Community Environments: Gaseous Chlorine to Liquid Bleach Conversions   Water Engineering & Management February 1998   David J. Applegate, P.E.
Converting from gaseous chlorine to sodium hypochlorite can save money and create a safer enviornment for workers.

A Safe Option for Disinfection: On-Site Sodium Hypochlorite Generation   Water Engineering & Management December 1997   L. Ainsworth and J. Hampton

The Effect of Nitrification on Sampling Sites   Water Engineering & Management November 1997   Shin-Ichi Tokuno and Floyd Baker
This article reports on chloramine dissipation with regard to nitrification and how it affects the CT value in plant operation

Water Disinfection Project Addresses Aral Sea Crisis   Water Engineering & Management October 1997   Jesse Wolf and Syed Mahmood
New chlorination systems may help stem the tide of disease and infant mortality brought about by the destruction of the Aral Sea.

Filter Process Removes Cryptosporidial Oocysts From Water Supplies   Water Engineering & Management August 1997   James A. Bell, P.E. and Dr. Graeme K. Pearce
A backwashable depth filter process removes and destroys these microorganisms with great efficiency.

Installing Advanced Disinfection Hardware Achieves Plant Upgrade   Water Engineering & Management March 1995
A case study describes a full-scale UV disinfection system.

Reduction of Chlorite Concentration in Potable Water with Ferrous Chloride   Water Engineering & Management February 1995   Anthony Tarquin, Glen Hansel, and Douglas Rittmann
Chlorite residuals in drinking water can be reduces with ferrous chloride, as testing in El Paso has shown.

DAF and Ozone Eliminate Quality Woes, Meet New Regs   Water Engineering & Management October 1994   Ian Lisk
A New York State town developed a water treatment plant which uses dissolved air flotation and ozone disinfection to ensure meeting anticipated tighter regulations.