Wisconsin Shaping Water Treatment   Water & Wastes Digest May 2005   By Tom Bunker, Mark White and Scott Lenhardt
Racine WTP opted for membranes because of their ability to provide an extra barrier against waterborne pathogens to the 110,000 people served by the plant.

Developments in Ozone Technology   Water Quality Products July 2002   Rip G. Rice, Ph.D., RICE International Consulting Enterprises
Ozone technology developments have opened new applications for these established water treatment technologies. Driving these changes has been the identification of new, more disinfection-resistant microorganisms such as Giardia and Cryptosporidium cysts and governmental regulations designed to protect the public health from the hazards of ingestion of these microorganisms. Additionally, the desire to prevent or minimize the formation of halogenated disinfection byproducts formed during chlorination has stimulated new interest in the use of ozone. Combinations of ozone with hydrogen peroxide and/or ultraviolet (UV) radiation can destroy many contaminants present in ground water.
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Chlorination and Its Alternatives   Water Quality Products March 2002   By Anne Penkal and Nadia Abboud, Severn Trent Services, Inc.
Purification of drinking water containing microbiological contamination requires some form of disinfection treatment to kill or render microbiological organisms harmless. Of the available disinfection treatment methods for private water systems, chlorination in the most commonly used.

Coping with Resistance to Copper/Silver Disinfection   Water Engineering & Management November 2001   By W. Craig Meyer
Numerous facilities have invested in copper/silver disinfection systems to address the limits of traditional water treatment methods. It seems likely that, as bacterial populations develop resistance, many of these systems will become less effective through time.
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